Mesh independent modelling of tensile failure in laminates using mixed-time integration in explicit analysis

A computationally efficient method for discrete modelling of cracks in laminated composite structures using explicit time integration is proposed. Discrete crack involves formation strong discontinuities and the domain elements must be transformed to include this discontinuity. In integration, results a reduction stable increment an analysis corresponding increase computational cost limits its application small scale meshes. Also, remapping domains initiation cohesive segments introduces numerical errors solution. To solve these two problems, mixed or subcycling performed adaptively following element splitting are initiated with minimal disturbances surrounding stress field by nodal force balance. The challenges implementation, effects assumptions involved benefits discussed context tensile failure laminates. Modelling transverse linear solid unstructured meshes where geometry does not align initial mesh. demonstrate effectiveness, applied laminates containing open-hole laminate embedded wrinkles arising from manufacturing defects.